Optics Notes -- Color
www.opticsnotes.com 

Lexikon Farbmesstechnik (in German)
www.colour-control.com/farblex_text.html 

Glossary supporting Processes in Animal Vision by James T. Fulton
http://www.4colorvision.com/files/glossary.htm 
http://4colorvision.com/pdf/glossary.pdf 

[Berger-Schunn94]	Anni Berger-Schunn, Practical Color Measurement, John Wiley, 1994.
[Billmeyer81]	Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr. and Max Saltzman, Principles of Color Technology (2nd edition), John Wiley & Sons, 1981.
[Byrne97B]	Alex Byrne and David R. Hilbert (editors), Readings on Color:   The Science of Color (volume 2), MIT Press, 1997.
[Chamberlin80]	G.J. Chamberlin and D.G. Chamberlin, Colour:  its measurement, computation and application, London:  Heyden & Son, Ltd., 1980.
[Fairchild97]	Mark D. Fairchild, Color Appearance Models, Addison-Wesley, 1997
[Hunt92]	R. W. G. Hunt, Measuring Colour (2nd edition), Ellis Horwood Series in Applied Science and Industrial Technology, 1992.
[Judd75]	Deane B. Judd and Gunter Wyszecki, Color in Business, Science and Industry, John Wiley & Sons, 1975.
[MacAdam85]	David L. MacAdam, Color Measurement -- Theme and Variations, Springer-Verlag, 1985.
[Nassau83]	Kurt Nassau, The Physics and Chemistry of Color:  The Fifteen Causes of Color, John Wiley, 1983.
[Nassau98]	Kurt Nassau (editor), Color for Science, Art and Technology, North-Holland, 1998.
[Volz95]	Volz, Hans G, Industrial Color Testing: Fundamentals and Techniques, John Wiley, 1995.
[Wyszecki82]	Günter Wyszecki and W.S. Stiles, Color Science:  Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formula (2nd edition), John Wiley & Sons, 1982.  (The color "bible") Paperback, $60 (New paperback version, July 2000) Hardcover, $270 US  UK

efg's Technical Book Store:
- Image Processing Section (> 30 titles)
- Color Section (> 15 titles)
- Graphics Section (> 35 titles)

See bibliography section on General Color Info page or Color and Computers page

The Physics and Chemistry of Color:  The Fifteen Causes of Color, [Nassau83]
The Fifteen Causes of Color, [Nassau98, Chapter 4]
The Causes of Color, [Byrne97B, Chapter 1]

efg's Chromaticity Lab Report:  1931, 1960 or 1976 diagram using 1931 2-degree or 1964 10-degree data. Shown at the left is the CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram.  The "horseshoe" outline shows the spectral colors from approximately  420 to 680 nanometers.  The non-spectral "line of purples" connects 420 nm with 680 nm.  The triangular Maxwell triangle shows the gamut for SMPTE phosphors.  Colour Rendering of Spectra www.fourmilab.ch/documents/specrend   Mitchell N Charity's comments about this article Dan Bruton's Color Science page www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/color.html#chromaticity

Colour Spaces, Chromaticity Diagrams and Non-Uniformity of Scale
http://www.fis.unipr.it/~fermi/PagInternet_English/GCA_Color_Theory.html 

Gernot Hoffman's CIE Color Space
www.fho-emden.de/~hoffmann/colcie290800.pdf 

[Fortner97, Chapter 5]

Color Sensitivity
(also includes XYZ-to-RGB and RGB-to-XYZ conversion matrices; shows phosphor triangle)
www.ph.tn.tudelft.nl/Courses/FIP/frames/fip-Color.html#Heading37

Interactive CIE demonstrations
www.city.ac.uk/colourgroup/colcon.html
www.city.ac.uk/colourgroup/chromatxy.html (interactive xy-to-u'v' conversion, 1931 diagram)
www.city.ac.uk/colourgroup/chromatuv.html (interactive xy-to-u'v' conversion, 1976 diagram)

www.city.ac.uk/colourgroup/diagxy.gif
www.city.ac.uk/colourgroup/diaguv.gif

1931 Chromaticity Diagram showing spectral "horse shoe" and Planckian locus CIE Colorimetric Standard Observer Model www.nd.edu/~sboker/ColorVision2/node17.html

  

CIE chromaticity diagram showing isotemperature lines, which give correlated color temperature for illuminants that do not fall directly on the Planckian locus. Figures 2.25 and 2.26 from [Judd75, pp. 167-168] J. Schanda and M. Danyi, "Correlated Color-Temperature Calculations in the CIE 1976 Chromaticity Diagram", Color Research and Application, Vol 2, No 4, Winter 1977, pp. 161-163

  

MacAdam Ellipses www.kruschwitz.com/macadam.htm  Fig. 9. - MacAdam ellipses on the CIE 1931 diagram magnified 10 times www.fis.unipr.it/~fermi/PagInternet_English/GCA_Color_Theory.html

LCD chromaticity coordinates as a function of ambient temperature for CyberDisplay active-matrix LCD:

Color Management
www.av8n.com/imaging/color-management.htm 

Also, see Gamuts below.

Gernot Hoffman's PS-Swatch Spot -- 1137 Color Patches

Bruce Lindbloom's RGB Values for the ColorChecker Chart
Bruce Lindbloom's GretagMacbeth ColorChecker Calculator

ISCC-NBS Centroid Color Charts (information about)
http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byorg/abbey/an/an11/an11-4/an11-408.html

Demo Test Pattern Images by Displaymate. Various test patterns including Color Scales and SMPTE Color Bars at various resolutions including 640 x 480, 800 x 600, and 1024 x 768
www.displaymate.com/patterns.html

Color names and hex (or decimal) values:
www.users.interport.net/~giant/COLOR/1ColorSpecifier.html

Non-Dither Colors
www.lynda.com/hexh.html

  Real Color Wheel for Artists:  This is the only color wheel like this in the world, it's original and made for the naturally realistic painting artist.
www.realcolorwheel.com/colorwheel.htm 

Color Wheels
www.handprint.com/HP/WCL/wcolor.html 

Hue/intensity colour circle
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/colour/images/circramp.jpeg 

Colour Bands
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/colour/images/colourbands.jpeg 

Hue Indication Chart
www.sdc.org.uk/publications/huechart.htm

DMC-to-Anchor Floss Color Conversion Chart
http://wonderful-things.com/floss.htm 

Also see Color Names on the General Information page

efg's ColorCharts Lab Report shows how to display a color chart for comparison with a GretagMacbeth ColorChecker, or a chart of Netscape colors in hue order

Charles Poynton's Gamma FAQ and Color FAQ, www.poynton.com 

Colour Space Conversions by Adrian Ford and Alan Roberts
www.poynton.com/PDFs/coloureq.pdf 

Color Conversion Formulas
www.easyrgb.com/math.html 

Color Transformation -- Matrix Operations for Image Processing
www.sgi.com/grafica/matrix/index.html

Color Metric Converter (L*a*b* Calculator or RGB Calculator:  L*a*b* / RGB / XYZ))
http://colorpro.com/info/tools/convert.htm 

Coordinate Converter:  xyY, XYZ, RGB, upvpY, Lab, Lub
www.it.lut.fi/research/color/coordinates/coordinates.html

A Standard Default Color Space for the Internet - sRGB
www.color.org/sRGB.html

CMY/RGB
Digital Image Processing, p. 228
Computer Graphics Principles and Practice , pp. 588-589

RGB/HSV
www.acm.org/jgt/papers/SmithLyons96/hsv_rgb.html
Computer Graphics Principles and Practice, pp.590-592

efg's HSV Lab Report

RGB/HWB
www.acm.org/jgt/papers/SmithLyons96/hwb_rgb.html

RGB/HLS:  There is an error in Computer Graphics Principles and Practice, Foley, et al, 1996, pp. 592-596.  The formula uses a lower case "el", "l", and defines in C:

m2 = (l < 0.5) ? (l * (l+s)):(l+s-l*s)

This is a perfect example of why "l" (a lower case "el") should NEVER be used as a variable name, and why a programming convention -- to use lower case letters in variable names -- should not override the problem definition, which defines the color space using an "L".

The 1982 version of the book, in Pascal, shows the correct formula (but alas, also used a lower case "l"):

if   l <= 0.5
then m2 := l*(1+s)    //  NOTE the one, in "1+s", here
else m2 := l + s - l*s 

[Thanks to Gary Freestone, IBM Global Services Australia, for bringing this to my attention.  efg, Sept. 2001.]

HowTo:  Converting Colors Between RGB and HLS (HBS)  [includes C code]
http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q29/2/40.ASP 

RGB/HSI
The Image Processing Handbook, p. 49
Digital Image Processing, p. 229-237

RGB/IHS
"IHS Color Coordinate System"
Practical Handbook on Image Processing for Scientific Applications, Section 3.4.7e

RGB/YIQ
The Image Processing Handbook, p. 47
Digital Image Processing, p. 228
Computer Graphics Principles and Practice, pp. 589-590

RGB/XYZ
Computer Graphics Principles and Practice, pp.585-587

RGB/XYZ
www.brucelindbloom.com/index.html?Eqn_RGB_to_XYZ.html 

"A Suggested Method for Computing Colorimetric Densities"
discusses transformation of the XYZ tristimulus values to an RGB-space
www.rit.edu/~jasvppr/1991_TAGA.pdf

RGB to XYZ PCS Space
www.srgb.com/hpsrgbprof/sld001.htm

Conversion of XYZD65 to XYZD50 Using the Bradford Transform
www.srgb.com/hpsrgbprof/sld005.htm

YUV (YVU-9, YV-12, UYVY) to RGB
	efg's YUV Lab Report
Luminance, Y = 0.30R + 0.59G + 0.11B Color Difference (blue), CB (also known as U) = B - Y Color Difference (red), CR (also known as V) = R - Y

YCrCb to RGB

This can be implemented using only  integer arithmetic as:

RGB to YCrCb

This can be implemented using only integer arithmetic as

Source:  EPIX XCIP User's Manual, pp. 5-4 - 5-5. or ToRGB and FromRGB in xcformat structure in XCOBJ "C" Library Reference Manual

RGB/YCrCb (YCrCb = YUV)  (cited CCIR Rec 709)
Tom Clune's UseNet Post

YCC colour space and image compression
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/colour/ycc 

"Derivation of the 1964 CIE 10-degree XYZ Colour-Matching Functions and Their Applicability in Photometry" in Vol. 26, No. 1, Feb 2001, Color Research and Application.

R. W. G. Hunt, "The Heights of the CIE Colour-Matching Functions" in Vol. 22 No. 5, Oct 1997, Color Research and Application.

Michael H. Brill, "Do Tristimulus Values Have Units?", Color Research and Application, Vol. 21, No. 4, Feb 1996, pp. 310-313

[Hunt87, Appendix 7]

ColorSpace program
www.couleur.org 

Historical Color Systems
www.uni-mannheim.de/fakul/psycho/irtel/colsys 

Charles Poynton's Gamma FAQ and Color FAQ, www.poynton.com 

The Decoding Model:  a Symmetrical Model of Color Vision

www.survivor99.com/colorforum/The%20Decoding%20Model.html 

Video color spaces
Ey, Er-Ey, Eb-Ey, KCr, KCb, ECr, ECb, Y, Cr, Cb
www.well.com/user/rld/vidpage/color.html

Color gamut of all RAL colors
www.arahne.si/colors.html

Modèles de représentation de la couleur (French), RVB (RGB), CMJN (CMYK), Lab, TSL (HLS),
http://telesun.insa-lyon.fr/~telesun/Couleur/L03/titre.html

The NBS/ISCC Color System:  The Universal Language of Color
http://www.anthus.com/Colors/NBS.html 

Section 7.3, High Performance Computer Imaging, Working with color spaces:
Shows diagrams  7.9 and7.10 of device-independent and device-dependent colors spaces.
Mentions applications for L*a*b*, XYZ, L*u*v*, Linear RGB and variants, R'G'B' (RGB 709),
YUV, YIQ, YCbCr 601, YCbCr 709, PhotoYCC, CMY, CMYK

RGB, CMY, CMYK, RYB, YIQ, HSI, HSV, HSB, HLS
[Fortner97, Chapter 6, pp. 119-]

RGB Colour Space
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/colour/colourspace 

RGBCube Program
www.couleur.org 

Color gamut of all RAL colors
www.arahne.si/colors.html

Section 4.6.2, Color Models, pp. 225-237
Digital Image Processing, 2nd edition

Gernot Hoffman's Color Order Systems:  RGB, HLS, HSB
http://www.fho-emden.de/~hoffmann/hlscone03052001.pdf 

Gernot Hoffmann's UseNet Post about problems with CMYK when converting form RGB, in particular note this:

CMY to RGB depends on gamut compression, gamut clipping,
RGB primaries definition, white point definition.
RGB - CMY - RGB is NOT reversible.
The naive formula R=1-C and so on is wrong. 

Natural Color System, Scandinavian Colour Institute -- A Centre for Colour
www.ncscolour.com 

Anders Hård et al, "NCS, Natural Color System -- from Concept to Research and Applications.  Part I.", Color Research and Application, Vol 21, No 3, June 1996, p. 180-205

Anders Hård et al, "NCS, Natural Color System -- from Concept to Research and Applications.  Part II.", Color Research and Application, Vol 21, No 3, June 1996, p. 206-208

Color Spaces,  pp. 47-55
RGB, YIQ, HSI, Lab,
The Image Processing Handbook

Section 7.3, Working with color spaces, pp. 219-239
XYZ, L*a*b*, L*u*v*, RGB, YUV, YIQ, CMY, CMYK
High Performance Computer Imaging

Graphic CIE L*a*b* Calculator
http://colorpro.com/info/tools/labcalc.htm 

CIELAB, CIELUV, CIELCH.
X-Rite's Guide to Understanding Color Comunication:
www.xrite.com/HelpDesk/DocDetail.ASP?DocNr=151
www.xrite.com/documents/mktg/L10-001.pdf

X-Rite Color Guide and Glossary:
www.xrite.com/HelpDesk/DocDetail.ASP?DocNr=243
www.xrite.com/documents/mktg/L11-029.pdf

CIE Lab L* 80  = Munsel Value 8:  Danny Rich's UseNet Post

L*u*v*
Computer Graphics Principles and Practice, p 584

I1I2I3 Color Space
Walter Hafner's UseNet Post about Colour Image Segmentation

HWB - A more intuitive hue-based color model
www.acm.org/jgt/papers/SmithLyons96

Munsell Color System
www.munsell.com

UVW Color Space:  Joann Taylor's UseNet Post

A model of colour vision for predicting colour appearance, [Hunt87, Chapter 8]

Guth ATD
www.colour.org/tc8-03/survey/s_95g.html  

	efg's ShowImage Lab Report  shows coordinates RGB, HSV, HLS, CMYK, Intensity, Lightness, YIQ; counts unique RGB colors in image; displays/prints histograms
	efg's ColorRange Lab Report shows how to include/exclude regions of an image based on RGB or HSV quantities
	efg's HSV Lab Report
	efg's YUV Lab Report

What Color is a Blackbody?  (some pixel RGB values)
www.vendian.org/mncharity/dir3/blackbody 

Black Body Radiation
www.egglescliffe.org.uk/physics/astronomy/blackbody/bbody.html 

Fire and other colors produced by incandescence
http://webexhibits.org/causesofcolors/3.html 

Martí Maria's UseNet Post about obtaining white point from color temperature

Neil Okamoto's UseNet Post with a C program to compute correlated color temperature based on Robertson's method in Wyszecki & Stiles, p.224-229.

Ákos Borbély et al, "The Concept of Correlated Colour Temperature Revisited", 
Color Research and Application, Vol. 26, No. 6, Dec. 2001:  "Correlated colour temperature is a one-dimensional description of the colour of near-white light sources. .. We recommend changing the definition of correlated colour temperature from a visual definition to a mathematical one ..."

J. Schanda, M. Meszaros, G. Czibula, "Calculating Correlated Color Temperature with a Desktop Programmable Calculator," Color Research and Application, Vol 3, No 2, Summer 1978, pp. 65-69

F. Grum, S. B. Saunders, D.L. MacAdam, "Concept of Correlated Color Temperature," Color Research and Application, Vol 3, No 1, Spring 1978, pp. 17-21

J. Schanda and M. Danyi, "Correlated Color-Temperature Calculations in the CIE 1976 Chromaticity Diagram", Color Research and Application, Vol 2, No 4, Winter 1977, pp. 161-163

Spectra -- wavelength to RGB, Chromaticity Diagram, Blackbody Radiation (excellent)
Dan Bruton's Color Science page,  www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/color.html

Colour Rendering of Spectra
www.fourmilab.ch/documents/specrend  
Mitchell N Charity's comments about this article

Rendering Spectra, http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/GF/explain/optics/rendering.html 

Daylight Education page
www.solux.net/edu2.htm

See Sun Color on General Color Info page

[Fortner97, pp. 76-79, 109-110]

[MacAdam85, Chapter 6]

"Color Theory" in Kodak Digital Learning Center
www.kodak.com/US/en/digital/dlc/book3/chapter2/index.shtml 

Color Theory is a set of principles used to create harmonious color combinations. Color relationships can be visually represented with a color wheel—the color spectrum wrapped onto a circle.  www.color-wheel-pro.com/color-theory-basics.html

  Dated history of artists and pigments, dated color theories, techniques of the past, past color theories.  http://www.mauigateway.com/~donjusko/1artists.htm 

	efg's ColorMix Lab Report demonstrates additive and subtractive color primaries
	efg's RGBColors Lab Report shows display of up to 16.8 million colors
	efg's Maxwell Triangle Lab Report shows mixing of primary colors
efg's Spectra Lab Report shows wavelength to RGB calculations (and hydrogen emission/absorption spectra)
	efg's Split Lab Report shows how to splie a 24-bits/pixel image into RGB or HSV color planes

Fundamentals of Color Science, [Nassau98, Chapter 1]

Color Science (discusses color matching and standard illuminants)
www.research.ibm.com/image_apps/colorsci.html

Color Science 101
www.ecolor.com/04/04_01.html

Colour Spaces, Chromaticity Diagrams and Non-Uniformity of Scale
www.fis.unipr.it/~fermi/PagInternet_English/GCA_Color_Theory.html 

"Color and Reflectance" in Image Physics
www.dai.ed.ac.uk/CVonline/physics.htm

Achromatic and Colored Light
Computer Graphics Principles and Practice, pp. 563-604

Color Theory and Pre-Press
www.cs.wpi.edu/~matt/courses/cs563/talks/color.html

Colour Rendering of Spectra
www.fourmilab.ch/documents/specrend  
Mitchell N Charity's comments about this article

Spectra -- wavelength to RGB, Chromaticity Diagram, Blackbody Radiation (excellent)
Dan Bruton's Color Science page,  www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/color.html

Quantification of Data from Color Images
www.agron.iastate.edu/soilphysics/ewing_color.html

X-Rite's Guide to Understanding Color Comunication:
- Ways to Measure Color
- Attributes of Color
- Scales for Measuring Color
- Expressing Colors Numerically
- Color Differences
www.xrite.com/HelpDesk/DocDetail.ASP?DocNr=151
www.xrite.com/documents/mktg/L10-001.pdf

Also see Conversions above

Color Wheels
www.handprint.com/HP/WCL/color4.html 
http://daphne.palomar.edu/design/cwheel.html 

Light & Pigment Color Wheels
www.artuk.co.uk/assoc/ma3.htm 

Dither-Proof Color Wheel
www.arnb.com/webdesign/chap7/cwheel/cwheel.htm 

  Real Color Wheel for Artists:  This is the only color wheel like this in the world, it's original and made for the naturally realistic painting artist.  
www.realcolorwheel.com/colorwheel.htm 

Contrast of Color.  Discusses "Delta-E," MPCD (minimum perceptible color difference) and JND (just noticable difference) using L*a*b* coordinates.  Mathew's Brennesholtz's UseNet Post.   Followup UseNet Post comments by Danny Rich.

Lippmann2000 Spectral Imaging Database (under construction)
www.cis.rit.edu/mcsl/online/lippmann2000.shtml

1964 and 1931 XYZ Color Matching Functions and Chromaticity Coordinates
http://www.cvrl.org/cie.htm 
(Note:  the icons with dashed lines are 5 nm interval data; the icons with solid lines are 1 nm intervals.)

Ultimate Internet Coloring Database
http://www.colorpro.com/info/data/projects.html 

1964 and 1931, Spectral Tristimulus Values and Chromaticity Coordinates
www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/color/cie_xyz1964.html

Color Spectra Database, Lappeenranta University of Technology
www.it.lut.fi/research/color/database/database.html
www.lut.fi/ltkk/tite/research/color/lutcs_database.html

CIE Standard Illuminant C between 320 nm - 770 nm at 5 nm intervals.  Deja News Post

Andrew Glassner published the spectral reflectance data in 5 nm increments between 380 and 775nm in an appendix of his book Principles of Digital Image Synthesis.

Gretag-Macbeth Color Checker spectral reflectance data  (Dark Skin, Light Skin, Blue Sky, Foliage, Blue Flower, Bluish Green, Orange, Purplish Blue, Moderate Red, Purple, Yellow Green, Orange Yellow, Blue, Green, Red, Yellow, Magenta, Cyan, White, Neutral 8, 6.5, 5, 3.5, Black)
ftp://ftp.research.microsoft.com/pub/glassner/www/macbeth.mgf

Spectral reflectance data for forty real objects, including Pine Needles, Red Maple Leaf, Grass, Soil, Asphalt, Dark Blue Jeans, Wheat Bread, Oak Wood, Cucumber, Yellow Banana, Swiss Army Knife, Carrot, Sand, ...   ftp://ftp.research.microsoft.com/pub/glassner/www/realobj.mgf

USGS Digital Spectral Library :  spectral reflectance of hundreds of materials http://speclab.cr.usgs.gov/spectral-lib.html

Database of color spectra of various objects including 120 DuPont paint chips, 64 Munsell chips, and 170 materials (.Z format).  ftp://ftp.eos.ncsu.edu/pub/spectra

Spectral-Sensitivity Curves of Kodak Films (near bottom of page)
www.kodak.com/cluster/global/en/professional/support/techPubs/e182/e182.shtml

Alan R. Robertson, "The 1976 Color-Difference Formulae," Color Research and Application, Vol. 2, No. 1, Spring 1977, pp. 7-11

Windows Color Quality Specifications for Printer OEMs
http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/color/ColorTest.htm 

X-Rite's Guide to Understanding Color Comunication:
- Delta CIELAB, CIELUV.
www.xrite.com/HelpDesk/DocDetail.ASP?DocNr=151
www.xrite.com/documents/mktg/L10-001.pdf

A Guide to Understanding Color Tolerancing: CIELAB, CIELCH, CMC www.xrite.com/HelpDesk/DocDetail.ASP?DocNr=152 www.xrite.com/documents/mktg/L10-024.pdf

CIELAB Tolerancing, Ellliptical Tolerancing
X-Rite's Guide to Understanding Color Comunication:
www.xrite.com/HelpDesk/DocDetail.ASP?DocNr=151
www.xrite.com/documents/mktg/L10-001.pdf

CIE Technical Committee 8-02:  Colour difference evaluation in images
www.colour.org/tc8-02

Colour Metric (explains color "distance")
www.compuphase.com/cmetric.htm

Statistical Distribution of CIELAB Color Difference
www.rit.edu/~jasvppr/Statistics.pdf

[Berger-Schunn94, Chapter 2, including MacAdam ellipses, p. 37]

Calculation of Color Difference
[MacAdam85, Chapter 8, including MacAdam ellipses, p. 131]

Mathew's Brennesholtz's UseNet Post discusses "Delta-E," MPCD (minimum perceptible color difference) and JND (just noticable difference) using L*a*b* coordinates.  "Using a delta-E = 1 threshold, M. R. Pointer (The Number of Discernible Colours, Color Research and Application, 23:1 February 1998) calculated that there are 2.28 million discernable color/luminance combinations. Other studies ... show that printing inks give 1.6 million colors and EBU phosphors give 1.35 million colors. These are far less than the 16 million colors claimed by 8 bit/color video cards, never mind 10 or 12 bit video systems.  Obviously, some of these color/luminance combinations are indistinguishable from each other."  Followup UseNet Post comments by Danny Rich.

J. L. Gardner, "Uncertainty Estimation in Colour Measurement," Color Research and Application, Vol 25, No 5, October 2000, pp. 349-355

Gamut Mapping
www.colour.org/tc8-03

Gamut Mapping in Munsell Constant Hue Sections
http://www.inventoland.net/imaging/JEI/159.PDF 

Survey of Gamut Mapping Papers
www.colour.org/tc8-03/survey/survey_index.html

Visualization of Expanded Printing Gamuts Using 3-Dimensional Convex Hulls (see example above)
by Karl E. Guyler, Hallmark Cards published by TAGA.  Used here with permission.

Color Management
www.av8n.com/imaging/color-management.htm 

Color matters, too!
- color gamut of all PANTONE Textile Color System^® colors
- color gamut of all RAL colors
- color gamut of all colors printable on Epson Stylus Photo 750/1200
www.arahne.si/colors.html

X-Rite Color Guide and Glossary:
p. 15: RGB  monitor gamut versus CMYK printer gamut
www.xrite.com/HelpDesk/DocDetail.ASP?DocNr=243
www.xrite.com/documents/mktg/L11-029.pdf

"A Suggested Method for Computing Colorimetric Densities"
shows an example of a Preucil Triangle and Hexagon (see Figure 1)
www.rit.edu/~jasvppr/1991_TAGA.pdf

Color Reproduction -- The Basics
http://www.tu-harburg.de/rzt/tuinfo/periph/drucker/Color_Reproduktion

Stephen D Glasscock's UseNet Post about Printer Color Gamut

Illuminant Types
www.xrite.com/documents/apps/public/whitepapers/Ca00001a.pdf

Understanding Illuminants
www.xrite.com/documents/apps/public/whitepapers/Ca00002a.pdf

Links on Lighting
www.optical-engineer.com/lighting

Daylight Education page
www.solux.net/edu2.htm

A Practical Analytic Model for Daylight
http://www2.cs.utah.edu/vissim/papers/sunsky

Don Klipstein's Lighting Info Site
www.misty.com/~don/light.html

Demonstration of Colors and Their Spectra
www.it.lut.fi/research/color/demonstration/demonstration.html

Radiosity Resources 
www.helios32.com/resources.htm 

SoLux Spectral Power Distribution Curves
www.solux.net/edu15.htm

Ultraviolet Radiation Primer
www.solux.net/uv.htm

Bruce Lindbloom's Color page
www.brucelindbloom.com 

Interactive Tutorials, Text Tutorials, Other Interesting Links
www.cis.rit.edu/mcsl/online/links.shtml

Color Matters Links
www.colormatters.com/link.html

Color Links, www.it.lut.fi/research/color/links.html

Colour Related Links, http://mcs.open.ac.uk/ik7/colour.html

Links to Color Science
www.zwisler.de/color.html

HardColor -- A source of information about color imaging in hardware and software
http://color.hardeberg.com 

P. W. Trezona, "Luminance:  Its Use and Misuse," Color Research and Application, Vol 25, No 2, April 2000, pp. 145-147

Charles Poynton's UseNet Post and  Follow Up about Density and Lightness

The Measurement of Color, [Nassau98, Chapter 2]
Color Measurement, [Byrne97B, Section II]
Color Measurement -- Theme and Variations, [MacAdam85]
Measuring Colour, [Hunt87]

  
Amazon US   UK 

Physics and Chemistry of Fireworks
http://cc.oulu.fi/~kempmp/colours.html

Frequently asked questions about Colour Physics
www.colourware.co.uk/cpfaq.htm 

Dispersion of the light on the prism
www.infoline.ru/g23/5495/Physics/pris_txt.htm 

Dispersion of light using a prism
www.physics.mun.ca/~jjerrett/dispersion/prism.html 

Bad Physics:  Prism Misconception

http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/miscon/miscon4.html#prism

Rainbows and other colors produced by dispersive refraction
http://webexhibits.org/causesofcolors/13.html 

RAINBOWSRAINBOWSRAINBOWSRAINBOWSRAINBOWS
www.mauigateway.com/~donjusko/rainbow.htm 

Rainbow
www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/Rainbow/rainbow.html 

Every Color in the Rainbow
www.crayola.com/educators/lessons/display.cfm?id=74 

Bad Physics:  There are NOT seven colors in the rainbow
www.eskimo.com/~billb/miscon/miscon4.html#bow 

Colour Rendering of Spectra
www.fourmilab.ch/documents/specrend  
Mitchell N Charity's comments about this article

Colour Reproduction Publications, including
"Spectral Colour Prediction Model for a Transparent Fluorescent Ink on Paper"
"Specifying color differences in a linear color space (LEF)"
"Multi-level Colour Halftoning Algorithms"
"Dithering Algorithms for Variable Dot Size Printers"
"Rotated Dispersed Dither: a New Technique for Digital Halftoning"
"Chromaticity Gamut Enhancement by Heptatone Multi-Color Printing"
http://diwww.epfl.ch/w3lsp/pub/publications/colour

Color Reproduction -- The Basics
http://www.tu-harburg.de/rzt/tuinfo/periph/drucker/Color_Reproduktion

Color Reproduction Algorithms and Intent
www.rit.edu/~jasvppr/CIC-3.pdf 

J. J. Vos, "Colorimetric and Photometric Properties of a 2-degree Fundamental Observer", Color Research and Application, Vol 3, No. 3, Winter 1978, pp. 125-128.  Describes the "1978 2-degree fundamental observer."