Graphics

Cornell University Computer Graphics Publications (1976-1999)
www.graphics.cornell.edu/pubs/papers.html

Steve's Computer Graphics Index
www.research.microsoft.com/~hollasch/cgindex

Coding/Tutorials
www.flipcode.com/tutorials.shtml

On-Line Computer Graphics Notes
http://graphics.cs.ucdavis.edu/GraphicsNotes

Documents / Tutorials
www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Park/9784/tut.html

Game Programming Information
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~amitp/gameprog.html

Game Development News and Information
www.flipcode.com

Links (from Brazil)
www.di.ufpe.br/~if291/links.htm

Software-Related Tools
www.acm.org/tog/Software.html

Coding/Tutorials
www.flipcode.com/tutorials.shtml

Interface Hall of Fame
www.iarchitect.com/mfame.htm

Interface Hall of Shame
www.iarchitect.com/mshame.htm

User Interface Engineering
http://www.uie.com

Web Usability
www.useit.com

Digital Human Factors & Ergonomics Resources
www.2-sir.com/Human_Factors

Vector Markup Language
www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-VML

TechnoMagi:  Algorithm Links
www.technomagi.com/links/graphics.html

Mathematics of 3D Graphics
http://pages.infinit.net/jstlouis/3dbhole/mathematics_of_3d_graphics.html

MMX Enhanced Alpha Blending
www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article817.asp 

Animation tools & tips
www.compuphase.com/animtips.htm

Unweighted Area Sampling
Weighted Area Sampling
Gupta-Sproull Antialiased Lines
[Foley96, Section 3.17, pp. 132-142, 617-647]

Antialiasing Lines
[Foley96, Section 19.3.1, pp. 967-969]

Antialiasing Circles
[Foley96, Section 19.3.2, pp. 969-971]

Antialiasing General Curves
[Foley96, Section 19.3.4, pp. 974-975]

Antialiasing Rectangles, Polygons, and Line Ends
[Foley96, p. 975]

Wu Anti-aliased Lines
http://freespace.virgin.net/hugo.elias/graphics/x_wuline.htm

Antialiasing and Raytracing
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/rendering/aliasing/ 

Twelve Characteristics of Correct Antialiased Lines
www.acm.org/jgt/papers/Nelson96

High Quality Hardware Line Antialiasing
www.acm.org/jgt/papers/Nelson97

Bresenham's Line and Circle Algorithms
http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article767.asp 

Bresenham Ellipse Algorithm
www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~awf/graphics/bres-ellipse.html 

Bresenham's Line Algorithm from Byte, March 1988, pp. 249-253.

World and Camera Coordinates
Practical Handbook on Image Processing for Scientific Applications  p. 126

A General Polygon Clipping Library
http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~amurta/software/gpc.html 

Cohen-Sutherland Line-Clipping Algorithm
[Foley96, Section 3.12.3, pp. 113-117]

Cyrus and Beck Parameteric Line-Clipping Algorithm
[Foley96, Section 3.12.4, pp. 117-124]

Sutherland-Hodgman Polygon-Clipping Algorithm
[Foley96, Section 3.14.1, pp. 124-127]

Parametric Line Clipping
www.scs.ryerson.ca/h2jang/gfx3.html#del

Generic Polygon Clipper Library
www.cs.man.ac.uk/aig/staff/alan/software

Frustrum Clipping
http://thorkildsen.no/faqsys/docs/frustum.txt 

Clipping
[Foley96, pp. 924-946]

UC Davis Notes
http://muldoon.cipic.ucdavis.edu/GraphicsNotes/Clipping/Clipping.html

Implementation of an Improved Contour Plotting Algorithm
http://members.bellatlantic.net/~vze2vrva/thesis.html 

Contours & Isosurfaces
http://huizen.dto.tudelft.nl/deBruijn/programs/suna55.htm

MUMIL - a cursor based contouring routine
www.triplexware.huckfinn.de/contweber.html 

Fill Area with Bicubics: X11 and Postscript Contour Plotting; Triangle Fills: Interactive Mesh Design and Filled Contours; A Contour Plot Program for Triangular Meshes; Fill Area with Bicubics on Rectangles - A Contour Plot Program.  www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/~grz/pub/preusser.html

Contouring.  A guide to the analysis and display of spatial data, Pergamon Press, 1992.   Amazon Link

Contouring Algorithm, Byte Magazine, July 1987
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/projection/conrec 

Contour Maps
www.user.cityline.ru/~vdvgal
http://field.hypermart.net

Several papers about Delunay Triangulation by Dr. Ing. Ivana Kolingerova
http://iason.zcu.cz/~kolinger/ 

A program for convex hulls
http://cm.bell-labs.com/netlib/voronoi/hull.html 

DeWall: a fast divide & conquer Delaunay triangulation algorithm
http://vcg.iei.pi.cnr.it/DVRunstruct.html#paper6

Practical Handbook on Image Processing for Scientific Applications  p. 127

Generating Random Fractal Terrain
www.gameprogrammer.com/fractal.html

Terragen is a scenery generator being developed for Windows 95, 98 and NT. At this stage of its development, Terragen is free for personal non-commercial use.    Terragen is already capable of photorealistic results for professional landscape visualisation, special effects, art and recreation.
http://www.planetside.co.uk/terragen

3D Fractal Landscapes
www.scruz.net/~jds/jon/pubs/3D_Fractal_Landscapes.html

How to Render Landscapes
www.exaflop.org/docs/land/ind.html

www.opengl.org/Coding/KilgardTechniques/LensFlare/LensFlare.html

Image-Based Rendering and Lens Flares PDF
www.acm.org/tog/resources/RTR/ibr_lens.zip

Lens Flare Tutorial
http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article813.asp 

"Noise and Turbulence" by Ken Perlin
http://mrl.nyu.edu/perlin/doc/oscar.html#noise
www.acm.org/tog/resources/RTNews/html/rtnv6n3.html#art21

"Making Noise" by Ken Perlin
www.noisemachine.com/talk1

Simple Point in Polygon (Convex) Tests
http://exaflop.org/docs/naifgfx/naifpip.html

An Incremental Angle Point in Polygon Test
www.acm.org/tog/GraphicsGems/gemsiv/ptpoly_weiler/pt_poly.c 

PNPOLY - Point Inclusion in Polygon Test
www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/wrf/geom/pnpoly.html 

Point in polygon
www.magic-software.com/gr_misc.htm

Nochmal Punkt in Polygon (German:  Again, Point in Polygon)
www.mathematica.ch/dmug-archive/1998/msg00480.html 

Point in Triangle in Dave Eberly's UseNet Post:  Let the points be (x0,y0,z0), (x1,y1,z1), (x2,y2,z2).  Given (x,y), solve for s and t in (x,y) = (x0,y0)+s*(x1-x0,y1-y0)+t*(x2-x0,y2-y0).  The point is inside the triangle if s >= 0, t >= 0, and s+t <= 1.  Then choose z = (1-s-t)*z0+s*z1+t*z2.

Barycentric Coordinates (in triangle)
UC Davis Notes

Barycentric Coordinates
www.research.microsoft.com/~hollasch/cgindex/math/barycentric.html

www.magic-software.com/gr_proj.htm

Radiosity Page
http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~radiosity 

Ray Tracing News Guide
www.acm.org/tog/resources/RTNews/html

Ray Tracing Bibliography
www.acm.org/tog/resources/bib

Set of basic test images for ray tracing algorithms
www.acm.org/tog/resources/SPD/overview.html

Illumination and Shading
[Foley96, Chapter 16, pp. 721-814]

Three-Dimensional Graphics-Realistic Rendering
www.uwp.edu/academic/computer.science/morris.csci/CS.320/Week.10/Ch10.html

Lights! Camera! Action!
A guide to The Fundamental Maths And Principles Of Rendering
http://exaflop.org/docs/lca/ind.html

Light Sourced Lambert Shading
http://exaflop.org/docs/waynelight/ind.html

Shadow Rendering Algorithms
www.scs.ryerson.ca/h2jang/gfx5.html#sha

Why is Shading a Hard Problem?
http://muldoon.cipic.ucdavis.edu/GraphicsNotes/Shading/Shading.html

Rendering Algorithms
http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/rendering

Rendering
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/rendering 

Volume Rendering
http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/volume

comp.graphics.algorithms FAQ 1.01, 5.01
www.exaflop.org/docs/cgafaq

Rotation using the three Eulerian angles
Practical Handbook on Image Processing for Scientific Applications,  p. 126, 128

efg's Lab Report about Math and Delphi Example of Image Rotation

Ellipses
[Foley96, Section 3.4, pp. 88-90]

Lines
Bresenham's algorithm

Basic Incremental Algorithm, Midpoint Line Algorithm (Bresenham)
[Foley96, Section 3.2, pp. 73-80]

Fast affine texture mapping (also discusses convex polygons and subpixel accuracy)
ftp://us.hornet.org/pub/demos/code/3d/trifill/texmap/fatmap2.zip

A General Cartographic Labeling Algorithm
www.merl.com/reports/TR96-04/index.html 

Texture Mapping Mathematics
www.flipcode.com/documents/texmap.txt

Texture Mapping and Image Warping Bibliography
www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/classes-ph/862.95/www/notes/tex.ref

Links
www.programmersheaven.com/links/link44.htm

Texture Mapping
www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/2151/tmap.html

Texture Mapping as a Fundamental Drawing Primitive
www.sgi.com/grafica/texmap/index.html

Projective Texture Mapping
www.scs.ryerson.ca/h2jang/gfx2.html#pro

"Affine Texture Mapping" by André LaMothe
Dr. Dobb's Journal, July 1998, pp. 58-63

Texture Land:  Abnormal Textures Index
www.sai.msu.su/~megera/textures/aindex.html

Spherical Texture Mapping
www.hornet.org/code/effects/globe

Textures
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/texture 
www.forrest.cz/scripts/textures/Texturesmain.pl?p=0&r=3&s=3

Specifying an arbitrary 3D View
[Foley96, pp. 237-242]

3D Transformations and Perspective
Newman and Sproull, Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics, McGraw-Hill, 1973, Chapter 22, pp. 333-354

Visible-Surface Determination
[Foley96, Chapter 15, pp. 649-720]

Hans-Bernhard Broeker's pseudocode from UseNet Post: (15 Sep 99) to comp.graphics.algorithms:
  for each edge:
     for each polygon:
           if edge is (partly) obscured by polygon:
           remove the obscured part(s) of the edge
             draw remaining part(s) of the edge

comp.graphics.algorithms FAQ, Section 2.05
Hidden Surface Test
www.exaflop.org/docs/cgafaq

Hidden Surface Removal
http://pages.infinit.net/jstlouis/3dbhole/hidden_surface_removal.html
www.flipcode.com/portal/issue06.shtml

Visibility Determination
(Object Culling, Backface Culling, Clipping, Sorting, Z-buffering, BSP
http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Park/9784/tut.html#vsd

Hidden-Surface Rendering
www.acm.org/tog/Software.html#hsr

A Fast Algorithm for Calculating Shading and Visibility in a Two-Dimensional Field
http://thorkildsen.no/faqsys/docs/los.txt 

Curved Surfaces Using Bézier Patches
www.gamasutra.com/features/19990611/bezier_01.htm

[Foley96, Section 11.2.2, pp. 488-491, 521-525]

Link to U.C. Davis Notes

Pierre Bézier died in France on the 25th of November 1999 (R. Forrest's UseNet Post)

Mathematics of Planar Geometric Projections

Projections
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/projection 

[Foley96, pp. 253-258]

Matrices
www.magic-software.com/gr_matr.htm

Matrices and 3D graphics
www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/2151/matrices.html

• Non-uniform refers to the type of knot vector supported. A non-uniform knot vector requires that the knot vector is non-decreasing.
• Rational refers to the type or polynomial functions that define the blending.  While some areas benefit from rational polynomials, many applications work best with non-rational curves (scuh as refitting and smoothing).
• B-spline refers to "basis" spline used to blend the control points.  Basis splines represent a generalization of Bezier splines, which support conics and are considered to be very stable.

US  UK  DE

US  UK  DE

US  UK  DE

US  UK

Also see Splines

"Implementing Uniform Trigonometric Spline Curves"
by Robert F. Kauffmann in  Algorithm Alley of Dr. Dobb's Journal
May 1997.  The article demonstrates different trigonometric and cubic splines.
http://www.ddj.com/ftp/1997/1997.05/aa597.zip
http://www.ddj.com/ftp/1997/1997.05/aa597.asc

Also see NURBS

Paper and Plotter: A 3D Surface (excellent article)
www.sgi.com/grafica/surf

Bitmap-File Formats
www.qzx.com/pc-gpe/bmp.txt

Mitsuharu ARIMURA's Bookmarks on Source Coding/Data Compression
www.hn.is.uec.ac.jp/~arimura/compression_links.html

Using Device-Independent Bitmaps and Palettes http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/q72/0/41.asp

Sample: 16 and 32 Bits-Per-Pel Bitmap Formats
http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/q94/3/26.asp

"More Fun with MFC: DIBs, Palettes, Subclassing, and a Gamut of Reusable Goodies", Parts I, II, II, in January, March, June 1997 Microsoft Systems Journal by Paul DiLascia. Select MSJJAN97, MSJMAR97 and MSJJUN97 at www.microsoft.com/msj/code.asp or directly from:
www.microsoft.com/msj/code1993to1997/MSJJAN97.EXE
www.microsoft.com/msj/code1993to1997/MSJMAR97.EXE

See info on efg's Image Processing Medical Applications page

My File Formats
http://myfileformats.com 

The Graphics File Formats Page
www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/~mxr/gfx

Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats Home Page
www.ora.com/centers/gff/index.htm

Image Processing and File Formats
www.iro.umontreal.ca/~ratib/code/cg.htm#a5

MS-DOS and UNIX Multimedia Formats
ftp://x2ftp.oulu.fi/pub/msdos/programming/formats
ftp://x2ftp.oulu.fi/pub/unix/programming/formats

Graphics and Sound File Formats
ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/misc/file.formats

3D Data Formats
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/geomformats 

Optimized GIFs from Windows DIBs, December 1998, C/C++ Users Journal

GIF89a-based Animation for the WWW
http://members.aol.com/royalef/gifanim.htm

GIF Movie Gear (for GIF animation) www.gamani.com
GIF Movie Gear Lab: www.gamani.com/gmglab.htm

Library of GIFs
www.iconbazaar.com
Icons and Images for Use in HTML Documents

The Iconolog, collection of 22,963 ICOs that use the Windows 16-color palette

Independent JPEG Group, www.ijg.org 

High Speed Lossless JPEG, Pegasus Imaging Corporation
Advanced JPEG Features -- by Pegasus
www.jpg.com/imagetech_advanced_jpeg.htm

Implementing Fast DCTs
Dr. Dobb's Journal, March 1999, pp. 115-119
www.ddj.com/ftp/1999/1999_03/aa399.txt
www.ddj.com/ftp/1999/1999_03/aa399.zip

Supported by ImageLib www.imagelib.com

PaintLib. Supports PNG, TGA, TIFF, JPEG/JFIF, BMP, Mac Pict, as well as EPS previews. C++ class.
www.paintlib.de/paintlib

See efg's Interactive PGMP5 "viewer" to display PGM files (P5 format) or the command-line utility ConvertFaces to convert PGM files of the Olivetti and Oracle Research Laboratory's Database of Faces (400 images) to BMP or JPG.

PNG Specification   (alternate link to Specification)

Postscript Programming
www.fho-emden.de/~hoffmann/pstutor22112002.pdf 

Unofficial TIFF Home Page, http://home.earthlink.net/~ritter/tiff

Reading the Tag Image File Format, The C Users Journal, March 1991, pp. 92-100. ftp://ftp.mfi.com/pub/cuj/1991/mar91.tar.Z

Tiff 5 Technical Description
ftp://codon.nih.gov/pub/nih-image/documents/tiff5.txt

TIFF Products
www.blackice.com/TIFFProducts.htm

Tagged Image File Format. Default setting for many scanning programs.
Supported by ImageLib www.imagelib.com

  efg's YUV Lab Report

Siggraph 98 papers on the web
http://w3imagis.imag.fr/Membres/Fredo.Durand/Book/sig98.html

comp.graphics.visualization
sci.engr.color
sci.image.processing